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F-158 土业园地 (第158期) 2012.6.25
Field for Artificial Soil TechnologyAST(№158)
作者:李鹏飞 AuthorLi Pengfei June 25, 2012
My Web:www.tuyelt.com Telephone Number:13043864167

中国的土地质量
Chinese land quality

    

    与世界的土地质量相比,我国的土地质量相对较差。我国有19亿亩适于耕种的土地,其中3.6亿亩坡耕地,年均土壤侵蚀量近15亿吨,约占全国土壤侵蚀量的1/3。我国有60亿亩草原,占国土面积41.7%,据悉90%可利用草原不同程度退化。近年来,全国水土流失总量为50-60亿吨,其中长江为24亿吨,黄河16亿吨。我国沙尘暴的强度是世界上最大的,土壤中细小颗粒,主要是粘土矿物大量被风吹走,加速土壤沙化。我国土壤中的有机质含量大约是1.5%,远低于世界平均水平。此外,我国的农药和化肥的使用量,大约占全世界总用量的1/3,造成土壤污染严重。由于追求高产,使得我国土地缺磷少钾的现象十分普遍,2/3的土地缺磷,我国每年要进口800万吨的钾肥才能满足国内的需要。所有这些因素加起来,造成中国的土地质量十分令人担忧,即使我们能保住18亿亩耕地的数量,也很难保住18亿亩耕地的质量。

 

中国的土地质量
Chinese land quality

Compare with world land quality, our land quality is not very good. There have been 1.9 billions mu of arable land in our country, 360 millions mu plough land at slope and soil erosion reach 1.5 billions tons each year, which is about 1/3 of all national soil erosion. There are 6 billions mu natural grassland has being 41.7% of our territory it is reported that 90% of available grassland has been degenerating in some degree. Total soil erosion in our country reaches 5-6 billions tons each year, in which Yangtse River is 2.4 billions tons and Yellow River is 1.6 billions tons each year. Our sandstorm is the strongest in the world, the fine granule in soil can be blown away, which is mainly clay, result of land desertification quickly. Organic content in the soil of our country is about 1.5% which is far lower than the world average level. In addition a lots of pesticide and chemical fertilizer to be used which is about 1/3 of the world, so to cause serious land pollution and pursuing high yield to cause plough land lack? phosphor and potassium, recently our country should import 8 millions tons of potassium fertilizer to satisfy domestic demand. All of these factors cause Chinese land quality has been very anxious that we may insure 1.8 billions mu of plough land but its quality is not to be insured.(to be proofread)

 
 
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