F-033 土业园地 （第033期） 2010.2.1
Field for Artificial Soil Technology（AST）（№033）
作者：李鹏飞 Author：Li Pengfei February 1, 2010
My Web：www.tuyelt.com Telephone Number：13043864167

人造土壤的制作过程
The manufacturing process of the artificial soil

    人造土壤的制作过程分三步进行。
    第一步将19个样品分别捣碎、研磨、筛选制成粉末，我称它们为“造土母质”。这是一项很笨重的工作,所用的工具有铁锤、药碾子、100孔/厘米2金属筛，全是手工操作，用了两个多月才完成。
    第二步将牛粪、造土母质(又称无机原料粉)与水按一定比例混合后搅拌均匀，在温度45-55℃的条件下进行厌氧发酵，使有机物分解成能被植物吸收的养分，我把它称为“造土堆肥”。我的具体做法是把黑色泥岩粉末（2号样品）和花岗岩粉末(13号样品)与牛粪和水充分搅拌后倒入一个大塑料桶中，用力压实排出空气，然后再倒扣一个同样的塑料桶作盖，两个对接的塑料桶口用密封条封好，使之与外界空气隔绝，保持厌氧环境。塑料桶周围再用电褥子包裹起来，持续通电使之保持相对稳定的温度。温度测量表明，在塑料桶的中心温度可以达到55℃，而桶的边部温度大约低10℃。这一步共用100天，对发酵过程中产生的气体，先后两次取样做点燃试验。第一次产生蓝色火焰，表明含有大量的甲烷气;第二次未出现可燃性气体火焰，表明有机物的分解高峰阶段已经过去。
    第三步把造土母质和造土堆肥按一定比例均匀混合便配制成人造土壤。在这些人造土壤中，含有一种造土母质者称为一元人造土壤，含有三种造土母质则称为三元人造土壤，余此类推。在该试验中，我共配制了21个人造土壤样品，其中一元人造土壤19个，三元人造土壤1个，十一元人造土壤1个。

人造土壤的制作过程
The manufacturing process of the artificial soil

The process of manufacturing artificial soils is divided into three steps:
Firstly, powder was made out of the 19 samples respectively by pounding, abrading and screening and became what I Call " the parent materials manufacturing soil'. This is real hard work and it took more than 2 months to finish with tools such as iron hammer, manpower abrader and 100 hole/ cm2 metal screens.
Secondly, the cow dung, the parent materials manufacturing soil (also called "inorganic raw powder”) and water were mixed homogeneously and the mixture was made to ferment at the temperature of 45-55℃ and in anaerobic conditions to enable the organic matter to be resolved into nutrients that could be absorbed by plants and became what I call “the compost manufacturing soil”. My way of doing it was to mix the powder of black mudstone (No.2 sample) and granite (No. 13 sample) with cow dung and water and then to pour the mixture into a big plastic barrel to expel the air in it by compressing. Use another upside-down plastic barrel of the same size to cover the plastic barrel and seal up the joint of the two barrels with sealing belt to isolate from air and to keep an anaerobic environment. The two plastic barrels were enclosed with an electrothermal pad and current was given to them to keep relative stable temperatures. Temperature testing indicated that the temperature at the center of the barrel could reach 55℃ at the maximum and the temperature at the sides of the barrel was 10℃ lower. This process took 100 days. The gas produced during fermentation was sampled twice for ignition testing. Blue flame was observed in the first test, which indicated that a lot of methane existed while no flame was observed in the second test because of no combustible gas in the barrel, which indicated the decompounding peak of organic matter had been over.
Thirdly, the different parent materials manufacturing soil and the compost manufacturing soil were mixed homogeneously at proper ratio to form artificial soils. Among the artificial soils, the one with one parent material manufacturing soil was called one-element artificial soil and the one with three parent materials for manufacturing soil was called three-element artificial soil and so on and so forth. In the test, 21 samples of artificial soil were formulated, including 19 one-element artificial soils and one three-element artificial soil and one eleven-element artificial soil.