F-047 土业园地 （第047期） 2010.5.10
Field for Artificial Soil Technology（AST）（№047）
作者：李鹏飞 Author：Li Pengfei May 10, 2010
My Web：www.tuyelt.com Telephone Number：13043864167

三项重要工作
Three important works

    20个中间试验方案中的任何一个,都包括以下三项重要工作：
1、所有的试验方案均包括两项基本的内容，第一项是把无机类的原料粉碎、研磨制成无机原料粉，称为造土母质，这是整个试验中最繁重的工作，按照每造1亩地至少需要500吨计算，其数量大得惊人，在全部费用中该项要占一半以上。第二项是将有机物厌氧发酵，制成造土堆肥。前者对人体易于造成粉尘损害，后者工作环境较脏有异味，还有微生物侵害的危险，千万要加强对工作人员的保护
2、为了确保试验顺利进行，必须得到当地政府的支持，应制订一些行政法规供民众遵守;对参加试验人员要进行素质培训，要制订相关的规章制度，使大家有章可循。在试验区内，在整个试验过程中，不能有新的生活垃圾、工矿固体废弃物及人畜粪便进入环境、不能排入河流，一律用于造土(有害物质除外)。要特别提醒的是，每个试验人员要做到“三不”，即不随地吐痰，不到处扔烟头子，不踏草坪，养成良好的遵守公共道德习惯，提高整个中华民族的素质。
3、财务管理方面要精打细算，节省每一分钱用于试验，竭尽全力降低造土成本。为此，试验需要有三种人参加，一是粉磨工程师，二是农业微生物专家，三是财务总监。为了估算造土成本，最近我做一些调查。辽河油田钻井一公司下属的石粉厂，它是专门粉磨石英、膨润土和重晶石的工厂，供配制钻井液用。该厂每粉磨1吨原料(大石块)所花电费约80元人民币。另据《建材报》报道，在水泥生产过程中，采用新型干法工艺，每吨水泥综合耗电低于90千瓦时。考虑到人造土壤的造土母质不要求像钻井液石粉或水泥那么细，其粉磨费用每吨会低于100元，每亩按500吨计算，其成本可以控制在5万元以内。随着技术的进步，我们的粉磨工程师如能把粉磨费用降到50元/吨以下，这项开支每亩地会降到2.5万元以下，这也是可能的。对于造土堆肥，没有大的成本投入，而且搞得好还可以有一定的收入，如沼气可以作燃料，堆肥可以出售，为国家处理生活垃圾又理应得一些财政补助。

三项重要工作
Three important works

1. There are two basic parts in each test program. First the inorganic materials are smashed and ground into inorganic powder called the parent materials manufacturing soil. This is the hardest job of the test. Supposing 500 t of parent materials manufacturing soil is needed for manufacturing 1 mu of land, the amount will be surprisingly huge. The cost of this part will take up over 50% of the total cost of the test. The second part is to make organic matter ferment and become the compost manufacturing soil under anaerobic conditions. The first part of the test may cause damage to human body by dust while in the second part the working environment is dirty and odorous and may lurk the risk of microbe attacks, so protection to the working personnel must be in place.
2. To ensure the smooth progress of the test, support from the local government must be obtained and some administrative codes must be formulated for the public to follow. The personnel involved in the test must be trained and some related bylaws must be defined for everyone to obey. Within the test area, all daily rubbish, industrial solid waste and dejection of men and animals must be used in manufacturing soil (except harmful substances) instead of entering the environment, or being discharged into rivers. It should be noted that each testing personnel should adhere to the three “don’t”------do not spit anywhere, do not throw cigarette end anywhere and do not trample on lawns, abiding by the public morals and improving the makings of the Chinese Nation.